Understanding Daltons Idea

Oppositional Defiance Disorder Children And Young People Essay Essays

Oppositional Defiance Disorder Children And Young People Essay Essays Oppositional Defiance Disorder Children And Young People Essay Essay Oppositional Defiance Disorder Children And Young People Essay Essay Oppositional Defiant Disorder is classified in the DSM-IV-TR as a riotous behaviour upset. An Oppositional Defiant Disorder kid shows an on-going form of uncooperative, noncompliant, aggressive, and disobedient behaviour toward authorization figures. Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder are normally in changeless problem at school, have trouble devising or maintaining friends, do non follow grownups petitions, blames others for their errors, are easy annoyed, and loses their pique at the bead of a chapeau. In the United States Oppositional Defiant Disorder is thought to impact about six per centum of all kids ; with the bulk of them coming from households in the lower category. One survey stated that about eight per centum of kids from low-income households were diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The upset is frequently observed by the clip a kid is six old ages old but no subsequently than a kid s preadolescent old ages. With this upset boy s besides be given to be diagnosed more frequently than misss in the preadolescent old ages. However, it is every bit common in males and females by adolescence. Recently, it has been discovered that misss may demo the symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder otherwise than male childs. Girls with this upset may demo their brutality through words instead than actions and in other indirect ways. For illustration, misss with Oppositional Defiant Disorder are quicker to lie and to be uncooperative ; while male childs are more likely to lose their pique and argue with grownups. It has besides been estimated that about tierce of the kids who have this upset besides have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Children who have Oppositional Defiant Disorder are frequently diagnosed with anxiousness or depression every bit good. Diagnosis Part of childhood is reasoning with your parents or withstanding authorization from clip to clip, particularly when the kid is tired, hungry, or upset. Some of the behaviours associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder can besides happen because the kid is undergoing a passage, is under emphasis, or is in the thick of a crisis. This makes the behavioural symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder sometimes hard for parents to separate from the stress-related behaviours. In order for a kid to be diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder they have to be highly negative, hostile, and defiant in a changeless form for at least 6 months. This behaviour besides needs to be inordinate compared to what is typical for a kid at that age and disruptive to the household, school environments and normally directed toward an authorization figure. An illustration of an authorization figure would be parents, instructors, chief, or manager. The kid besides has to exhibit during these six months fou r or more of the undermentioned behavioral symptoms that are associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder ; frequent pique fits, inordinate reasoning with grownups, sharply declining to follow with petitions and regulations, frequently oppugning the regulations, intentionally raging and upsetting others, frequently touchy or annoyed by others, faulting others for their errors, frequent effusions of choler and bitterness, or frequently vindictive or revengeful. Besides, the break must do important sum of harm to the kid s academic, occupational or societal operation and can non happen merely during a Psychotic or Mood Disorder episode. Last, the kid can non be diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder if they meet standards for Conduct Disorder, if the person is 18 old ages of age or older or run into standards for Antisocial Personality Disorder. Case Study My best friend has a boy with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. His name is Radon. Radon is ten old ages old and attends the 5th class. Radon s twenty-four hours normally starts out with reasoning about what he can and can non convey to school. His female parent and his instructor have now made out a written list of what these things are. Radon was conveying a computing machine to school and stating his instructor that his female parent said it was alright. At first his instructor wondered about this, but Radon seemed so credible. Then Radon brought a small knife. That led to a existent apprehension between the instructor and Radon s female parent. Radon does non travel to school on the coach. He gets teased and so retaliates instantly. Since it is impossible to oversee coach drives adequately, his parents and the school gave up and they drive him to school. It is still difficult to acquire him at that place on clip. As the clip to go forth attacks, he gets slower and slower. Now it is non rather as bad because for every minute he is tardily he loses a dime from his day-to-day allowance. Once at school, he normally gets into a small forcing with the other childs in those few proceedingss between his female parent s eyes and the instructor s. The category work does non travel that severely unless he has an episode as his female parent put it. Then he will toss desks, swear at the instructor, rupture up his work and garbage to make anything for the remainder of the twenty-four hours. The grounds for his effusions seem so fiddling, but to him they are the terminal of the universe. He is non allowed to travel to the bathroom by him self and at times this fusss him so he flips his desk. He was told to halt tapping his pencil, so he swore at the instructor. These types of things happen throughout the twenty-four hours harmonizing to his female parent. Deferral is still the hardest clip for Radon. He tells everyone that he has tonss of friends, but his female parent says that if you watch what goes on in the tiffin room or on the resort area ; it is difficult to calculate out who they are. Some childs avoid him, but most would give him a opportunity if he was nt so autocratic. The resort area supervisor attempts to acquire him involved in a association football game every twenty-four hours. He is nt bad at it, but he will non go through the ball, so no 1 truly wants him on his squad. After school is the clip that do his ma earnestly see foster attention. The place work conflict is atrocious. He refuses to make work for an hr, so complains, interrupt pencils, and annoy her. This drags 30 proceedingss of work out to two hours. So, now she hires a coach. He does nt seek all of this on the coach, at least so far. With no place work, he is easier to take. But he still wants to make something with her every minute. Each twenty-four hours he asks her to assist him with a theoretical account or play a game at approximately 4:30. Each twenty-four hours she tells him she can non right now as she is doing supper. Each twenty-four hours he screams out that she does nt of all time make anything with him, slams the door, and goes in the other room and normally turns the Television on really loud. She comes up, tells him to turn it down three times. He does nt and is sent to his room. After supper Radon s pa takes over and they play some games together and normally it goes all right for about an hr. Then it normally ended in shouting. He is so sent to bed and the twenty-four hours starts all over. Since I talked to Radon s female parent about him he has had a really hard clip at school. He is now being home tutored by the after school coach that he had before. The school has found him to be a menace to the staff and other kids. The incidents that lead to this were that he destroyed the principal s office, threated to kill two staff members, and three kids. The ma does non desire him set into a school for kids with behavioural upsets as she feels it will merely do him worse. Radon is now seeing three different people to assist with his upset. One is a societal worker, one is a head-shrinker and the other is an anger direction specializer. The school continues to work with her and if all goes good he will be transitioned back into the school following twelvemonth. She still has jobs with him at place. Causes There are many different theories that try to explicate Oppositional Defiant Disorder. There is the psychodynamic theory that interprets the aggressive and noncompliant behaviour as an indicant of a deeply-seated feeling of deficiency of love from the parents, the inability to swear and an absence of understanding. The behavioural theory suggests that Oppositional Defiant Disorder is caused by a dysfunctional household life, deficiency of parenting and the perennial giving into demands that are reinforced when bad behaviour occurs. The biological theory suggests that these behavioural jobs in kids could be caused by damages to certain countries of the encephalon. There is besides a nexus between the sum of certain chemicals in the encephalon and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The biological theory suggests that if these chemicals are out of balance, the encephalon is so non working decently. Then the messages sent may non do it through the encephalon right, taking to symptoms of Oppo sitional Defiant Disorder. Last, cognitive theories province that the kid feels ill will in their lives and in bend respond to other with their ain ill will. Treatments The first measure is to measure the danger the kids pose to themselves or others and measure the impact that the environment may be holding on their continued development. It is of import to besides measure the ability of the kid parents to adequately care for them. In some instances, crisis attention or residential intervention may necessitate to see. Treatment for kids and striplings should include multiple avenues. Individual therapy, parent intercession, school intercession, and community based intercessions should all be considered. While there are several interventions available to assist they have non developed a medicine to handle this upset. There are medicines research workers say will assist with the symptoms but no decently executed survey has been completed. A intervention that is available nevertheless, would be Psychotherapy. This is a type of reding that is aimed at assisting the kids develop more effectual header and problem-solving accomplishments. There is besides household therapy, which may be used to assist better household interactions and communicating among household members, every bit good as parent direction preparation. This teaches parents ways to positively change their kid s behaviour. Last, there are behavior direction programs. These are an understanding between parents and kids that give wagess for positive behaviours and effects for negative behaviours. The interventions for Oppositional Defiant Disorder are normally a long-run committedness. It may take a twelvemonth or more of intervention to see noticeable betterment. It is of import for households to go on with intervention even if they see no immediate betterment. If Oppositional Defiant Disorder is non treated or if intervention is abandoned, the kid is more likely to develop behavior upset. The hazard of developing behavior upset is lower in kids who are merely mildly noncompliant. It is higher in kids who are more noncompliant and in kids who besides have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In grownups, behavior upset is called antisocial personality upset. Children who have untreated Oppositional Defiant Disorder are besides at hazard for developing passive-aggressive behaviours as grownups. Persons with passive-aggressive features tend to see themselves as victims and incrimination others for their jobs.

MGT499 Mod 2 Case - Strategic Management External Analysis Coursework

MGT499 Mod 2 Case - Strategic Management External Analysis - Coursework Example The responsibility drawn towards the natural role played by the strategic management committee does not only oversee the company’s internal management, but it extends the boundary into external marketing issues that affects the company’s marketing and operations. Although diversification in the field of technology has produced competitive edges in the motor industry, the organization has continued to thrive in its domestic markets. What if the management wanted to thrive into better and bigger competitive markets in abroad? Does it have the necessary resources and leadership criteria to improve its development and market development? Therefore in this thesis development looking into Harley-Davidson Corporation will help us develop proper understanding towards the understanding if the company’s resources can support it venture into the international markets and it can fair with the intensified competition, McBee, R. D. (2011). To define the necessary steps that ca n be taken by the HD Executives in making worthy decision making, the PEST analysis model will provide different support alternative to substitute in the basic strategic decision making by the company. This is going to create light and provide direction towards the understanding of the national factors that can affect the development a better ground breaking strategy by the company. The porter 5’s analysis tools are essential in defining what goes and how the company will fight against the external factors such as economy and price fluctuations to fit in their agendas and budgets. In general it is all about what the company will in order to curb the many external factors that may affect the operations of the company. Importance of PEST and Porter’s 5 Forces analysis in Harley-Davidson Corporation These are the main models that can help the organization in their daily findings and operations. In order to maintain their competitive edge they have demonstrated over the ti me, different issues have to be taken into considerations. Technology and price fluctuations The two models try to define the main important factors affects new and better ventures for any business company that wants to improve it operations. Looking at the corporation of HD, many subsidiaries have been established due to the rapid diversification in the field of motor manufacturing. This has developed many different versions of motors in the market. The many versions and technology trends tend to change the supplier and buying power of certain products relatively in accordance to corporation brands. Technology has changed the way redesigning and management of the aspects is planned and developed through operations, supplying to the market and price dependency, Bonham, S. S. (2008). Therefore the main strategic organization of the company should view and developed the necessary decisions in regard to technological changes in the region and market. Rapid development and establishment of different processing and marketing outlets in the market can affect the normal way a company runs its operation. Through the necessary procedures and steps taken by the marketing and producing departments of the corporation, it is important to change the aspect of supply, design and price variance in its products.

Details summary of the book Simplexity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Details summary of the book Simplexity - Essay Example Kluger described that the stock market is basically very similar to a school of fish in that the behavior of stock owners is usually influenced from one to another. As one stock owner sells due to his tips, analyses, or gut feelings, many people follow suit because it appears to be the right thing to do. Other scientists, such and Blake LeBaron have a complex formula to describe stock behaviors that is very difficult to understand. This simple exercise emphasizes the difficulty in a single event to understand what is complex and simple. Kluger explains that the Sante Fe Institute is a think-tank designed for scientists to determine what defines simplicity and complexity regarding multiple issues that we take for granted in everyday life. Chapter 2 begins with the story of Ed Schmitt, who was working at Tower Two of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. He watched as the first jet plane collided with Tower One and then recalled the chaos of people frantically cramming the stairwells to evacuate Tower Two. The management staff and Vice President made an announcement for all employees to seek shelter by remaining at their desks and this caused the deaths of thousands of people from Tower Two. Kluger attempts to show the complexity of the situation as people entered a state of chaos and worked to evacuate, even by disobeying the orders of business executives. The architecture, failures of emergency-predicting software, the concept of milling – or standing around to analyze the problem – all contributed to the problems these people faced, and none of them were simple problems. Scientists at the Sante Fe Institute compare the behavior of people during evacuation to that of water as it moves chaotical ly through a limited area to reach the opening at the end. Psychologists take into consideration the multiple thoughts that people

Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Essay

Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol - Essay Example It is also widely supported that, the use of sheltered instructions is very effective where the language used is a secondary language. Learners will be able to relate the display and presented concepts to the image and graphics shown and also relate it to terms in there first language. Each student will be conveyed the same message in varied form. Moreover, SIOP should be made adaptable to classes and topics where learners will be able to easily make relevant association to real life concepts. However, Freeman & Freeman (1998) indicate a number of shortcomings with SI: teachers often sacrifice academic content to meet the language needs of their students, teachers lack training in implementing sheltered instruction, students who do well in sheltered classes often flounder when mainstreamed, and students of differing ability levels are often relegated to the same sheltered class (pp. 39-40). It is to be understood that if the levels of the learners are varied that is a mixed ability class configuration the strategies should be hybrid in nature and SIOP may not be valid. Students will undeniably have varied levels though in the same class.

The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 30 of all global deaths in 2008. A large proportion of CVDs is attributable to atherosclerosis, which is a major cause of myocardial infarction or stroke (1). The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Over the past two decades, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis has gained strong footing through multiple lines of supportive evidence (reviewed in (2)). Nowadays, atherosclerosis is considered a complex chronic inflammatory disease of medium- and large-sized arteries. Atherosclerosis occurs predominately at sites of disturbed laminar flow, in particular, arterial branch points and bifurcations. Human and animal studies indicate that the key initiating step is subendothelial accumulation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (apoB-LPs). ApoB-LPs are secreted by the liver as very low-density lipoproteins, which are converted in the circulation to atherogenic low-density lipoproteins (LDL). In addition, apoB-LPs are secreted by the intestines as chylomicrons, which are converted by lipolysis into atherogenic particles, called remnant lipoproteins (3). Subendothelial apoB-LPs are believed to initiate an early inflammatory response, which may be enhanced by oxidative modification of LPs, through activation of overlying endothelial cells in a manner that leads to the recruitment of monocytes. Activated endothelial cells express adhesion molecules (e.g. intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1) and secrete cytokines and chemoattractants, or chemokines (e.g. monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and RANTES), that act on monocytes and promote directional migration towards and into the artery wall. Once resident in the arterial intima, monocytes acquire the morphological characteristics of macrophages and increase their expression of scavenger receptors, including scavenger receptor A and CD36. Excessive uptake and internalization of modified lipoproteins via their scavenger receptors leads to the accumulation of cholesteryl esters in cytoplasmic droplets. These lipid-laden macrophages, known as foam cells, characterize the early atherosclerotic lesion (figure 1). As the atherosclerotic lesions further develops, macrophage and foam cells predominate, and further serve to alter the plaque environment, changing extracellular matrix composition and decreasing smooth muscle cell content, predisposing to plaque rupture (2, 4). Atherosclerosis and high-density lipoprotein therapy Although the development of atherosclerosis is dependent on a complex interplay between many factors and processes, a clear association has been established between elevated levels of plasma cholesterol and increased atherosclerotic disease (6). To attenuate the risk of atherosclerotic complications, primary and secondary prevention strategies seek to correct aberrant blood cholesterol levels. Actively reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol through lipid-modifying therapies, such as statins, yield a proportional decrease in CVD risk (7). However, despite their potency, only 25-50% of cardiovascular events are prevented with highly potent statins, which highlights the importance of seeking for additional treatments for the optimal management of cardiovascular risk (8). Besides reducing LDL, improving HDL levels has gained a considerable amount of attention during the last decade. Epidemiological studies have shown that plasma levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are inversely associated with clinical events resulting from atherosclerosis (9). Human and animal intervention studies have shown that increasing HDL results in a reduced atherosclerotic plaque size, suggesting that HDL may be an effective therapy for the regression of atherosclerosis (10). The mechanisms for plaque regression have been primarily attributed to the ability of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues, including macrophages, to the liver for excretion in the bile and feces. This process, called reverse cholesterol transport, is widely believed to account for much of the inverse relationship between plasma HDL levels and CVD revealed by population studies (11). HDL components can remove cellular cholesterol by four distinct processes. The presumed major precursor for this pathway is lipid-poor apoA-I, which is initially synthesized and secreted by the liver. Once in plasma, it rapidly acquires phospholipids and cholesterol from cell membranes in a reaction mediated by the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) that results in the formation of pre-ÃŽÂ ² HDL particles (figure 2). A second mechanism involves ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1), with pre-ÃŽÂ ² and large spherical HDL acting as the main acceptor. A third involves scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), which has the same acceptors as ABCG1. Lastly, cholesterol can be removed from cell membranes to HDL particles through passive diffusion. The latter three mechanisms are dependent on the presence and activity of Lecithin:Cholesterol AcylTransferase (LCAT). LCAT can esterify any unesterified cholesterol entering the outer surface of HDL, after which it will move into the intensely hydrophobic ce ntral core, leaving the outer surface of the HDL particle able to accept more unesterified cholesterol (12). Next to promoting cholesterol efflux, studies have shown that HDL is able to protect against cardiovascular diseases through a variety of additional functions, including anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic, anti-apoptotic (reviewed in (12)). HDL has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects, which are mainly investigated in endothelial cells, and to a lesser extent in vascular smooth muscle cells (13, 14). Macrophages in the pathology of atherosclerosis It is generally accepted that macrophages play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The accumulation of macrophages and their conversion into foam cells, through the uptake of excessive amounts of lipids and cholesterol from modified apoB-LP, are considered hallmarks of atherogenesis. By expressing various effector molecules, including inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, macrophages have a great impact on the activation, migration and survival of other cells in the plaque and ultimately affect plaque stability. However, within atherosclerotic plaques, macrophages represent a heterogeneous cell population, which may consist of several subsets that have distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics, ranging from large quiescent lipid-laden foam cells to a small active inflammatory cell. Furthermore, macrophages demonstrate a high degree of plasticity, which depend on the environmental cues they are exposed to. In gene ral, macrophages are skewed by interferon-ÃŽÂ ³ or lipopolysaccharide towards a pro-inflammatory or M1 phenotype, which produce mediators that have a pro-atherogenic effect. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory or M2 macrophages are polarized by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and IL-13, which are believed to be of an anti-atherogenic nature. A phenotypical distinction can be made between these subsets based on their differential expression of cell surface expression (15, 16). High-density lipoproteins in modulating macrophages To date, HDL is considered to be the good cholesterol, because of its protective effects in atherosclerosis, such as anti-inflammatory properties (14). However, the effects of HDL on macrophages, which are major players in atherosclerosis, have yet to be established. The majority of the research conducted on the effects of HDL on macrophages have mainly been performed on cholesterol- or lipid-loaded macrophages. Here, HDL exerts anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing NF-ÃŽÂ ºB activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine, including tumor necrosis factor ÃŽÂ ± (TNFÃŽÂ ±), while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-10. To date, however, it is not known how HDL affects non-cholesterol or -lipid-loaded macrophages. Cholesterol is an important structural lipid that modulates Perturbations in cellular cholesterol levels has been shown to affect NF-ÃŽÂ ºB is an essential regulator of inflammatory processes in mammalian cells, including macrophages. When the NF-ÃŽÂ ºB pathway is activated, NF-ÃŽÂ ºB translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of its target genes, including genes involved in cytokine production and secretion (17). In addition to NF-ÃŽÂ ºB, A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) are also implicated in numerous cellular processes, including inflammation. ADAMs are a group of enzymes that cleave the extracellular domains of various cell surface molecules, of which ADAM 10 and 17 are the best studied family members. ADAM 10 and 17 are closely related proteases and share many substrates, including TNF-ÃŽÂ ± and its receptor. ADAM activity can be regulated at various levels, including localization within the plasma membrane, where lipid rafts are thought to play a role in. Lipid rafts are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched microdomains within the cell membrane, which are able to include or exclude proteins to variable extents. This dynamic process regulates protein interactions and influences their functions. Lipid rafts can be decreased and disrupted by cholesterol depletion, e.g. by HDL (18). Tellier et al. showed in vitro that TNFÃŽÂ ± shedding was increased in fibroblasts and ECs after incubation with HDL. This was attributed to an increased activity of ADAM 17, which was due to lipid raft disruption by cholesterol depletion (19). Study aim and design The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of HDL on macrophage phenotype and whether NF-kB signaling, lipid raft disruption and increased activity of ADAM10 and 17 are involved in this. First, we will determine the effects of HDL on M1 and M2 macrophage polarization by exposing bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6 mice to HDL. Here, M1 and M2 polarization markers will be determined using quantitative PCR and ELISA. Second, we will examine whether NF-ÃŽÂ ºB signaling is involved in the pro-inflammatory effects induced by HDL in macrophages. Lastly, we will investigate whether HDL skews macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory state by increasing ADAM10 and 17 activity through lipid raft disruption. activity assay We hypothesize that HDL polarizes macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype due to activation of the NF-ÃŽÂ ºB signaling pathway and an increased ADAM10 and 17 activity, through lipid raft disruption Literature 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, editors. Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. 2. Wong BW, Meredith A, Lin D, McManus BM. The biological role of inflammation in atherosclerosis. The Canadian journal of cardiology. 2012;28(6):631-41. Epub 2012/09/19. 3. Williams KJ, Tabas I. The response-to-retention hypothesis of early atherogenesis. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 1995;15(5):551-61. Epub 1995/05/01. 4. Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature. 2002;420(6917):868-74. Epub 2002/12/20. 5. Moore KJ, Tabas I. Macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cell. 2011;145(3):341-55. Epub 2011/05/03. 6. Liao JK, Laufs U. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology. 2005;45:89-118. Epub 2005/04/12. 7. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9326):7-22. Epub 2002/07/13. 8. Arsenault BJ, Kritikou EA, Tardif JC. Regression of atherosclerosis. Current cardiology reports. 2012;14(4):443-9. Epub 2012/06/19. 9. Rader DJ, Alexander ET, Weibel GL, Billheimer J, Rothblat GH. The role of reverse cholesterol transport in animals and humans and relationship to atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res. 2009;50 Suppl:S189-94. Epub 2008/12/10. 10. Linsel-Nitschke P, Tall AR. HDL as a target in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nature reviews Drug discovery. 2005;4(3):193-205. Epub 2005/03/02. 11. Oram JF, Heinecke JW. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1: a cell cholesterol exporter that protects against cardiovascular disease. Physiological reviews. 2005;85(4):1343-72. Epub 2005/09/27. 12. Soran H, Hama S, Yadav R, Durrington PN. HDL functionality. Current opinion in lipidology. 2012;23(4):353-66. Epub 2012/06/27. 13. Bursill CA, Castro ML, Beattie DT, Nakhla S, van der Vorst E, Heather AK, et al. High-density lipoproteins suppress chemokines and chemokine receptors in vitro and in vivo. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2010;30(9):1773-8. Epub 2010/08/13. 14. Barter PJ, Nicholls S, Rye KA, Anantharamaiah GM, Navab M, Fogelman AM. Antiinflammatory properties of HDL. Circulation research. 2004;95(8):764-72. Epub 2004/10/16. 15. Stoger JL, Goossens P, de Winther MP. Macrophage heterogeneity: relevance and functional implications in atherosclerosis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2010;8(2):233-48. Epub 2010/02/26. 16. Martinez FO, Sica A, Mantovani A, Locati M. Macrophage activation and polarization. Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library. 2008;13:453-61. Epub 2007/11/06. 17. Gilmore TD. Introduction to NF-kappaB: players, pathways, perspectives. Oncogene. 2006;25(51):6680-4. Epub 2006/10/31. 18. van der Vorst EP, Keijbeck AA, de Winther MP, Donners MM. A disintegrin and metalloproteases: Molecular scissors in angiogenesis, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2012;224(2):302-8. Epub 2012/06/16. 19. Tellier E, Canault M, Poggi M, Bonardo B, Nicolay A, Alessi MC, et al. HDLs activate ADAM17-dependent shedding. Journal of cellular physiology. 2008;214(3):687-93. Epub 2007/09/06.

Asian Diaspora Essay -- English Literature

Asian Diaspora Asian diaspora, or the personal and cultural implications of leaving one's homeland, is a central and reaccuring theme for Asian American writers. Diaspora is Greek for "the scattering of seeds" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora), and its ancient denotation has taken figurative meaning today as a feeling of seperation and detachment. In both Fae Myenne Ng's Bone and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's Leaving Yuba City, a thematic thread of "scattered parts", outsiderness, and otherness link the characters in each, as well as the two seperate works, together. This diaspora affects each generation of immigrants in a slighly different, but no less signficant, way. As an aspect of diasora, W.E.B. DuBois's notion of "double consciousness" in The Souls of Black Folk, takes the shape of a personal duality for the characters in Bone and Leaving Yuba City. Their lives looking through DuBois's "veil" creates personal struggle in the character's relationship with America, maintaining two unique cultural identities simultaneously. The characters in Ng's novel Bone work to conceive a third identity, one that maintains old traditions while being "Americanized." This stuggle is not exclusive to the first generation Chinese immigrants, Leon and Mah, but has profoundly impacted their American raised children, Leila, Nina, and Ona. However, the consequences of this conflict is different between the generations. Leon cannot settle into one place but is "suddenly here, suddenly gone" (54). Leon's stray jobs are often on a ship, and Leila concludes that the draw of the "hollow and still center of the ocean" for him is "completion" (150). The cause of Leon's absense, or vacancy of personal wholeness, is his Chinese self trying to chan... ...haracters in Leaving Yuba City and Bone are connected through common seperation from their homeland, or dual selves seen in all generations. This common diaspora creates a unique and painful family dynamic for the Leong family; their incompleteness binds them together. For Sushma in "Leaving Yuba City", she does not feel seperation from homeland, but lives denying a fundamental part of herself, which is much like a homeland. Their is an incongruance or seperation between the person others can see, and the person she really is. Sushma personifies DuBois's "veil." An extremist view of diaspora is "The Maimed Dancing Men", having ghost limbs, and being physically incomplete. Ng and Divakaruni portray the same desperate and painful feelings that come with a seperation from both your homeland, and self, showing these two are inseperable and fundamental to one's wholeness.

Physical Security Essay

Securing networks or systems within institutions and corporations is not enough. At present, security is not only concerned with the ethereal aspect of it but also with the tangible dynamics of physical security. Although physical security seems too basic, establishing even the most sophisticated network security is useless if its physical environment does not keep it sheltered and protected. Security threats that have something to do with the physical aspect of institutions include burglary and theft. In this case, even the most established digital security system that functions within the computer networks will not be able to prevent these crimes. A breach in physical security makes the network or digital system of the institution susceptible to power interruptions that disrupts the security system, addition of hardware devices that may used to hack or spy into the system, removal of hardware devices that paralyzes the system, copying confidential data from the system through USBs, CDs, and such, logging in the system directly without authorization, etc. Stewart, 2004) The importance of high standard physical security systems and policies ensure that aforementioned situations that seek to jeopardize the position of institutions that might affect all its aspects, especially its finances, are avoided. Having a secure digital system is impressive, but having a secure digital system and physical environment is highly recommended. To uphold high quality standards of security, both the digital and physical aspects of security should be merged. Sturgeon (2004) defines this as marrying digital and physical security. Physical security involves the use of high-tech gadgets such as cameras that will be used for close monitoring, 24-hour video coverage and storage, video recording triggered by movements, wireless and mobile installments within the physical environment, etc. (Physical Security, 2008) The physical security approach is based on four principles or strategies. First, physical security follows the necessity of protecting the network or institution, detecting security threats and possible risks, responding to these threats and risks, and allowing recovery for the network or institution from damages or indemnities brought about by security breaches. This process requires setting up of security systems that will accomplish these four phases of protecting (with the use of controlled access systems that restricts involvement of the public to authorized personnel only), detecting (using surveillance systems and frequent check-up of the physical areas of institutions), responding (well-trained security officials and network protocols that carry out these responses to security threats and risks), and recovering. (Operational Security Standard on Physical Security, 2004) Second, physical security builds up on hierarchical zones that protect or safeguard access to the security system. These hierarchical zones include the public zone (areas accessible to the public), reception zone (area wherein the boundary between the public and restricted zones is determined), operations zone (areas private to personnel), security zone (areas private to only authorized personnel or visitors), and the high security zone (areas private to authorized and escorted personnel or visitors). Within these zones, technological facilities and security officials are installed and designated respectively to carry out four phases in the previous approach discussed. (Operational Security Standard on Physical Security, 2004) The third approach in physical security is controlling access to determined hierarchical zones. This approach has something to do with controlling access most especially to restricted areas. It does not only control individual access, but is also concerned with the entry of materials considered to be potentially threatening or risky to security, such as mobile phones and other technological gadgets, harmful objects such as knives, guns, and such, etc. Although institutions should consider this approach in physical security, controlling access should not limit or restrict authorized individuals too much, allowing them ease in visiting each zone within the institution. Aside from security officials designated at every zone, there should also be systems that carry out state-of-the-art security protocols, such as technologies installed within the institution that asks for PIN or access numbers, access cards, biometrics, etc. Fourth, physical security systems should be designed to increase security levels in times of emergency or security threats. (Operational Security Standard on Physical Security, 2004) These four approaches, as recommended by the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat follow the requirements of a strong and efficient physical security system. The concepts supported by these four approaches suggest how physical security systems and policies should be established in order to ensure that it will serve its purpose. However, accomplishing all the requirements in establishing a physical security system and a set of policies is not enough. Institutions should make sure that these elements of security are assessed and evaluated to ensure that it is properly sustained and it is up-to-date with trends in security technologies and processes. Part of the evaluation process includes frequent training and drills for security officials, checking-in with technological innovations that improve quality of security measures and systems, and observing existing systems to determine much-needed replacements or tweaks. With all these information in mind, physical security is a vital part in institutions that should not be neglected nor taken lightly. It complements digital network security systems, such that it prevents it from being jeopardized or subjected to external control, manipulation, and possible damages that affects the operations within the institution. Establishing a solid physical security system require that all aspects of the physical environment within an institution is identified. Mapping out requires that the institution determines where security is most needed and where access is most likely to be controlled. Aside from going over the basics and technical details of physical security systems, institutions should provide time and effort to evaluate the system in order to ensure that it functions efficiently according to its purpose, and that it meets the highest requirements of quality standard physical security.

Free Essays on Julius Cesar

Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was a strong leader for the Romans who changed the course of the history of the Greco - Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With his courage and strength he created a strong empire. What happened during his early political career? How did he become such a strong dictator of the Roman Empire? What events led up to the making of the first triumvirate? How did he rise over the other two in the triumvirate and why did he choose to take over? What happened during his reign as dictator of Rome? What events led up to the assassination of Caesar? What happened after he was killed? Caesar was a major part of the Roman Empire because of his strength and his strong war strategies. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman whose dictatorship was pivotal in Rome’s transition from republic to empire. When he was young Caesar lived through one of the most horrifying decades in the history of the city of Rome. The city was assaulted twice and captured by Roman armies, first in 87 BC by the leaders of the populares, his uncle Marius and Cinna. Cinna was killed the year that Caesar had married Cinna’s daughter Cornelia. The second attack upon the city was carried our by Marius’ enemy Sulla, leader of the optimates, in 82 BC on the latter’s return from the East. On each occasion the massacre of political opponents was followed by the confiscation of their property. The proscriptions of Sulla, which preceded the reactionary political legislation enacted during his dictatorship left a particularly bitter memory that long survived. Caesar left Rome for the province of Asia on the condition that he divorce his wife because Sulla would only allow him to leave on that condition. When he heard the news that Sulla had been killed he returned to Rome. He studied rhetoric under the distinguished teacher Molon. In the winter of 75-74 BC Caesar was captured by pirated and, while in their custody awaiting the arrival ... Free Essays on Julius Cesar Free Essays on Julius Cesar Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was a strong leader for the Romans who changed the course of the history of the Greco - Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With his courage and strength he created a strong empire. What happened during his early political career? How did he become such a strong dictator of the Roman Empire? What events led up to the making of the first triumvirate? How did he rise over the other two in the triumvirate and why did he choose to take over? What happened during his reign as dictator of Rome? What events led up to the assassination of Caesar? What happened after he was killed? Caesar was a major part of the Roman Empire because of his strength and his strong war strategies. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman whose dictatorship was pivotal in Rome’s transition from republic to empire. When he was young Caesar lived through one of the most horrifying decades in the history of the city of Rome. The city was assaulted twice and captured by Roman armies, first in 87 BC by the leaders of the populares, his uncle Marius and Cinna. Cinna was killed the year that Caesar had married Cinna’s daughter Cornelia. The second attack upon the city was carried our by Marius’ enemy Sulla, leader of the optimates, in 82 BC on the latter’s return from the East. On each occasion the massacre of political opponents was followed by the confiscation of their property. The proscriptions of Sulla, which preceded the reactionary political legislation enacted during his dictatorship left a particularly bitter memory that long survived. Caesar left Rome for the province of Asia on the condition that he divorce his wife because Sulla would only allow him to leave on that condition. When he heard the news that Sulla had been killed he returned to Rome. He studied rhetoric under the distinguished teacher Molon. In the winter of 75-74 BC Caesar was captured by pirated and, while in their custody awaiting the arrival ... Free Essays on Julius Cesar Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was a strong leader for the Romans who changed the course of the history of the Greco - Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With his courage and strength he created a strong empire. What happened during his early political career? How did he become such a strong dictator of the Roman Empire? What events led up to the making of the first triumvirate? How did he rise over the other two in the triumvirate and why did he choose to take over? What happened during his reign as dictator of Rome? What events led up to the assassination of Caesar? What happened after he was killed? Caesar was a major part of the Roman Empire because of his strength and his strong war strategies. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman whose dictatorship was pivotal in Rome’s transition from republic to empire. When he was young Caesar lived through one of the most horrifying decades in the history of the city of Rome. The city was assaulted twice and captured by Roman armies, first in 87 BC by the leaders of the populares, his uncle Marius and Cinna. Cinna was killed the year that Caesar had married Cinna’s daughter Cornelia. The second attack upon the city was carried our by Marius’ enemy Sulla, leader of the optimates, in 82 BC on the latter’s return from the East. On each occasion the massacre of political opponents was followed by the confiscation of their property. The proscriptions of Sulla, which preceded the reactionary political legislation enacted during his dictatorship left a particularly bitter memory that long survived. Caesar left Rome for the province of Asia on the condition that he divorce his wife because Sulla would only allow him to leave on that condition. When he heard the news that Sulla had been killed he returned to Rome. He studied rhetoric under the distinguished teacher Molon. In the winter of 75-74 BC Caesar was captured by pirated and, while in their custody awaiting the arrival ...

The Wade-Davis Bill and Reconstruction

The Wade-Davis Bill and Reconstruction At the end of the American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln wanted to bring the Confederate states back into the Union as amicably as possible. In fact, he did not even officially recognize them as having seceded from the Union. According to his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, any Confederate would be pardoned if they swore allegiance to the Constitution and the union except for high-ranking civil and military leaders or those who committed war crimes. In addition, after 10 percent of voters in a Confederate state took the oath and agreed to abolish slavery, the state could elect new congressional representatives and they would be recognized as legitimate. Wade-Davis Bill Opposes Lincoln's Plan The Wade-Davis Bill was the Radical Republicans answer to Lincolns Reconstruction plan. It was written by Senator Benjamin Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis. They felt that Lincolns plan was not strict enough against those who seceded from the Union. In fact, the intention of the Wade-Davis Bill was more to punish than to bring the states back into the fold.   The key provisions of the Wade-Davis Bill were the following:   Lincoln would be required to appoint a provisional governor for each state. This governor would be responsible for implementing measures set out by Congress to reconstruct and state government.  Fifty-percent of the states voters would be required to swear loyalty to the Constitution and the Union before they could even begin creating a new Constitution through the state Constitutional Convention. Only then would they be able to begin the process to be officially be readmitted to the Union.  While Lincoln believed that only the military and civilian officials of the Confederacy should not be pardoned, the Wade-Davis Bill stated that not only those officials but also anyone who has voluntarily borne arms against the United States should be denied the right to vote in any election.  Slavery would be abolished and methods would be created to protect the liberty of freedmen.   Lincoln's Pocket Veto The Wade-Davis Bill easily passed both houses of Congress in 1864. It was sent to Lincoln for his signature on July 4, 1864. He chose to use a pocket veto with the bill. In effect, the Constitution gives the president 10 days to review a measure passed by Congress. If they have not signed the bill after this time, it becomes law without his signature. However, if Congress adjourns during the 10-day period, the bill does not become law. Because of the fact that Congress had adjourned, Lincolns pocket veto effectively killed the bill. This infuriated Congress. For his part, President Lincoln stated that he would allow the Southern states to pick which plan they wanted to use as they rejoined the Union. Obviously, his plan was much more forgiving and widely supported.  Both Senator Davis and Representative Wade issued a statement in the New York Tribune in August 1864 that accused Lincoln of attempting to secure his future by ensuring that southern voters and electors would support him. In addition, they stated that his use of the pocket veto was akin to take away the power that should rightfully belong to Congress. This letter is now known as the Wade-Davis Manifesto.   Radical Republicans Win in the End Sadly, despite Lincolns victory, he would not live long enough to see Reconstruction proceed in the Southern states. Andrew Johnson would take over after Lincolns assassination. He felt that the South needed to be punished more than Lincolns plan would allow. He appointed provisional governors and offered amnesty to those who took an oath of allegiance. He stated that states had to abolish slavery and acknowledge seceding was wrong. However, many Southern States ignored his requests. The Radical Republicans were finally able to get traction and passed a number of amendments and laws to protect the newly freed slaves and force the Southern states to comply with necessary changes.

Powerpoint on Universal Studios Hollywood Park (see other instructions Presentation

On Universal Studios Hollywood Park (see other instructions ) - PowerPoint Presentation Example The company went to receivership and Standard successfully obtained only to lose it two decades later to the MCA (Sehlinger, & Testa, 2011). The company has since diversified to the international platform. The entertainment company serves almost all ages in the global society through the production of the most appropriate films that each age may deserve. The movies sell globally across different cultures and political systems because of its approach to customization to ensure that ethics are not contravened whatsoever (Sandler, 2008). The Universal studios based in Orlando which own a water park establishes the best local example the company’s entertainment approaches. The company ensures that entertainment services are the key to drawing visitors to its services which include hospitality services (Sehlinger, & Testa, 2011). The company’s management ensures advertisement throughout different geographic and demographic segmentations with precise emphasis of the benefits accruable from visiting the studios or using its products (Wallace, & Adams Media Corporation, 2004). These approaches target both local and international clients (Plunkett, 2007). The American based and one of the oldest entertainment production companies has its headquarters at Hollywood. However, over the last half a century, the company diversified accordingly to different markets in the United States of America, central Europe, and south East Asia (Enz, 2010). These effects date from the initial owner ship of the Laemmle’s family, to the receivership by Standard to the current ownership. The US authorities implement stringent approaches to regulating ownership and decision making processes of the media industry. Therefore, Universal studios fall under the acts thus; only 20% of the shares may be sold to the foreign investors, although the authorities may withhold such measures if the increased foreign investments shall benefit the indigenous

Emergency operations plan for New Orleans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emergency operations plan for New Orleans - Essay Example United States had experienced a disaster of almost the same magnitude during the September 11 attacks, but the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina demonstrated that the country’s emergency response was focused mainly on mitigating terrorism disasters at the expense of public health emergencies. Several weaknesses were apparent in the response to the Katrina disaster in New Orleans. The response was so uncoordinated and thousands of victims starved waiting for help almost a week in the flooded city. The National Response Plan provides firm guidelines for fighting terrorism and national leadership but it has three remarkable administrative weaknesses that jeopardized efficient response to the Katrina disaster (Haddow & Bullock, 2007 p31). The first weakness is that recommendations from the federal public health do not have the force of law. The federal public health agencies are charged with the responsibility of coordination and disaster preparedness while the state has overwhelming authority on public health matters (Haddow & Bullock, 2007, p 37-39).... health authorities’ dilemma on whether to enforce disaster preparedness measures on all hazards or to bioterrorism attacks still exist in the country (Haddow & Bullock, 2007 pp 69-70) Countering bioterrorism attacks in United States has been the government’s top priority resulting to biasness in distribution of funds and other resources on preparedness of other disasters (Haddow & Bullock, 2007 p127). In the case of the Katrina disaster, the government was not prepared to address broader humanitarian disasters in the country. The aforementioned weaknesses caused several problems during Katrina disaster. Firstly, the victims were not well informed during evacuation and there were no adequate provisions to cater for people with special needs. Secondly, returning evacuated persons back to their home was problematic, there was weakness in application of reverse lane operations and finally, provision of care to animals was not adequately addressed. Emergency operation plan f or New Orleans should address the following pressing issues. They include saving lives, protecting property and restoring the community back to normal after the disaster. However, before the occurrence of a hurricane disaster, it is important to enhance the capacity of the residents and the emergency workers by putting in place adequate disaster preparedness measures. Disaster preparedness in New Orleans entails working closely with relevant departments of health and security in the state to enhance a coordinated response to the emergency. The departments and other stakeholders would ensure that training, leadership, training, technical and financial support in addition to exercise support are provided to the communities and emergency workers as they prepare for disasters, mitigate their effects ,